8chan/History: Difference between revisions

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== 2013 ==
• Medical transition works
October 22 - copypaste creates 8chan, inspired by STI's (of Tinyboard and 4chon fame) refusal to create new boards when the users wanted them.


October 23 - First board is created. /albertross/ (dead)
• ⁠80% of individuals reported significant improvement in dysphoria


Probably this year - First and second migrations as laid out by copypaste here >>>/b/1360579. Lowcard becomes a global volunteer.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/


== 2014 ==
• ⁠78% of individuals reported significant improvement in psychological symptoms
February 22 - /waifuist/ is created by refugees from /tv/ after the mods cracked down on inane posts.


June 9 - /legion/ is founded by /co/ refugees.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/


2 September - Fifth migration/"First Exodus", after Five Guys (not yet Gamergate) is banned on /v/. /burgers/ is created, but sparsely populated as of yet.
• ⁠72% of individuals reported significant improvement in sexual function


September 18 - moot goes full retard and makes the "4chan is not about free speech" sticky on /v/. People repulsed by this flock to 8chan's /v/, which remains one of the fastest boards on the site.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/


September 19 - "Fuck it, We're Out" propaganda images are spammed on 4chan encouraging people to leave for 8chan by 10 October.
• ⁠Positive results across the board, even in 15-year followups


September 20 - Hotwheels upgrades the servers four times in a day to accommodate for the massive surge of traffic.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/


September 22 - Hotwheels announces a partnership with 2ch.net, the largest japanese textboard on the internet.
• ⁠"Wellbeing was similar to or better than same-age young adults from the general population."


Late September - Hotwheels invented as a nickname for copypaste AKA Fredrick Brennan.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25201798/


October 10 - Some people have left. 8chan gets a sizable number of migrants from /b/.
• ⁠Quality of life rises dramatically with 'gender-affirming treatment


October 16 - 8archive is opened by Drybones.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6223813/


October 20 - 8chan taken down by a DDoS attack. Promptly brought back up.
• ⁠Long-term follow-ups:


October 23 - Rei (零, types LIKE THIS) migrates to 8chan, and is subsequently banned from all boards that he frequents. He takes to whining on /meta/, and subsequently creates /politik/ as a replacement.
https://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-6095(15)32422-X/fulltext


October 26 - A shitstorm erupts over /fem/, with anons demanding that Hotwheels remove it from the header. He agrees, and blacklists several other boards including /hebe/, /furry/, and /cuteboys/. He later goes back on this decision, deciding that it is not in the spirit of free speech or the site.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0453-5


October 28 - Hotwheels moves to the Philippines to work with 2ch.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-009-9551-1


November 8 - /pol/ style flags added.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0300-8


November 24 - DoS attack via search.php brings down 8chan for a few hours.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9031580/


Late November - Anon makes a thread on /meta/ asking why moderator notes were visible across boards. Hothweels removes the feature entirely and hashes IP addresses to prevent any further potential for abuse.
• ⁠"Shown to correlate with improved psychological functioning"


December 1 - /gg/ is given back to Niko_of_Death. Users immediately revolt. /gg/ is completely destroyed by high power shitposting and /gamergate/ becomes the replacement board. This is the largest board exodus in 8chan history.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X1630146X


December 7 - "Second Exodus", following moot's destruction/funpostization of /pol/.
• ⁠Levels of depression and anxiety which closely matched levels reported by cisgender children


December 8 - Ponyfags steal both the 1M get and 999999 get on /b/. /b/ raids MLPchan in retaliation.
Source: https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567%2816%2931941-4/fulltext


December 10 - Foxworth posts on /b/ for the first time, with a Blender screenshot of his character and 3D text reading "Sup 8chan". He will grow to become one of 8chan's most profitable lolcows.
• ⁠Puberty blockers are safe and reversible


December 12 - Following a wave of "muh shills" bans on /pol/ and binary-encoded bait being posted by one of the volunteers, Hotwheels nationalizes the board. He later creates /news+/ and returns /pol/ to its original owners.
• ⁠Hormone blockers are the only treatment used on adolescents and are completely reversible.


December 25 - Three sticky threads for Christmas, wishing Hotwheels, 8chan, and fellow anons a merry Christmas.
Source: https://assets2.hrc.org/files/documents/SupportingCaringforTransChildren.pdf


December 27 - /baphomet/ is created as an edgier alternative to /b/ with "less cancer".
• ⁠"Does not support an adverse impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cognitive performance"


December 28 - 8chan goes down for a server move.  
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453020301402?via%3Dihub


• ⁠"Our results suggest there are no detrimental effects of GNRHA on EF"


== 2015 ==
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453015000943
January 8 - 8chan gets hit with a DDoS instigated by srhbutts and Dan Olson unknown SJWs, using LizardStresser. This attack brings down the entire 2ch network for over 7 days.


January 9 - Hotwheels creates Weekendchan as an 8chan substitute while doing upgrades to mitigate the DDoS. It is promptly raided by anons from Ylilauta, who spam dicks on /b/. They are repelled by an animu counter-spammer.
• ⁠"Relives [sic] distress for trans adolescents" "Is reversible"


January 10 - 8chan comes back online with few interruptions.  
Source: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/102/11/3869/4157558


January 12 - SJWs go to Cloudflare and Internet.bs, 8chan's domain registrar, with CP claims. Cloudflare doesn't give a fuck and automatically reveals who sent said claims, but I.bs shits itself and suspends 8chan.co. 8chan moves, temporarily, to 8ch.net. /baphomet/ has a field day and doxxes the bullshit claimants.
• ⁠"Poorer psychological well-being before treatment"


January 13 - Hotwheels gets the 8chan.co domain back, but has warmed to 8ch.net. The domain move is now permanent.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X20300276


February 8 - >>>/baphomet/ is unlisted from the board list after being wiped for the third time, this time by a compromised volunteer account.
• ⁠"Behavioral and emotional problems and depressive symptoms decreased"


February 11 - Law and Order SVU airs an episode loosely based on gamergate that features a site called "redchanit" (a mashup of reddit and 4chan/8chan.) that is used to harass an innocent fictional female game developer. The board >>>/redchanit/ is created and a CSS based off of it's appearance in the show is added to the CSS list. Hotwheels buys the domain redchan.it and has it redirect to the board.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609515336171


February 12 - A user on >>>/baphomet/ reposts the dox and SSID of a federal judge. The post was removed by the global administration for being illegal in the United States.
• ⁠Hormones blockers are not new: "Since the mid 1990s..." "The Royal College of Psychiatrists, in 1998..."


February 16 - >>>/operate/ is created by hotwheels as a replacement for >>>/meta/ due to intense tripfag cancer and shitposting.
Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26895269.2020.1747768


May 10 - Jawsh (Aka Null of KiwiFarms) begins development of InfinityNext as a replacement for 8chan's Vichan forkMay 10 - Jawsh (Aka Null of KiwiFarms) begins development of InfinityNext as a replacement for 8chan's Vichan fork
• ⁠Many more studies:


== 2019 ==
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073269/
February 26 - THQNordic gives a [https://web.archive.org/web/20190805065608/https://8ch.net/v/res/16165791.html Q&A on /v/.]


March - Growing frustration with board owner of >>>/b/ Dysnomia triggers exodus to >>>/b2/ owned by Tybb
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jsm.13034


July 21 - Bling Bling Goy appears on >>>/b/ posting an audio clip calling for 'namefag revolution' on /b/
https://jme.bmj.com/content/34/8/580


August 3 - El Paso shooting occurs after a manifesto was posted on >>>/pol/
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/842073


August 4 - Hotwheels voices regret at creating 8chan in a Vice interview
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29551430/


August 5 - 8chan is kicked off their domain registrar, it was still available over TOR and via connecting to the IP directly but bugs meant these versions were read-only
https://ijpeonline.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1155/2010/398639.pdf


August 6 - Jim Watkins releases a video on his YouTube channel Watkins Xerxes entitled "Sorry for the inconvenience, common sense will prevail" stating his dismay at the El Paso shooting
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0303720706001766


November 2 - 8kun is launched although connection is spotty as Ron aka CodeMonkey is still setting things up
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/95/1/109/2835177
 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1517382/
 
https://europepmc.org/article/med/24719967
 
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/trgh.2015.0008
 
• ⁠Puberty blockers aren't harmful to bone density
 
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/842073
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469959/
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616494/
 
• ⁠Puberty blockers don't cause osteoporosis or sterility
 
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/84/12/4583/2864749
 
• ⁠Transphobia is real
 
https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eu-lgbt-survey-results-at-a-glance_en.pdf
 
https://www.totaljobs.com/advice/wp-content/uploads/Transgender-employee-experiences-survey-report-2016_Totaljobs.pdf
 
• ⁠46% felt discriminated against or harassed within the past year for being trans
 
• ⁠29% felt discriminated against when it came to looking for employment
 
• ⁠70% hid being trans during schooling before becoming 18 years old
 
• ⁠55% had an incident of violence within the past year in part or whole because of them being trans
 
• ⁠The ~40-50% suicide rate is fake, it's the attempt rate
 
https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf
 
• ⁠The suicide rate is undocumented.
 
• ⁠Discrimination is harmful
 
• ⁠The attempt rate rises for people who:
 
⁠• ⁠Lost a job due to bias (55%)
 
⁠• ⁠Were harassed/bullied in school (51%)
 
⁠• ⁠Had low household income
 
⁠• ⁠Were the victim of physical assault (61%)
 
⁠• ⁠Were the victim of sexual assault (64%)
 
https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf
 
• ⁠Other factors include:
 
⁠• ⁠Gender-based victimization
 
⁠• ⁠Discrimination
 
⁠• ⁠Bullying
 
⁠• ⁠Violence
 
⁠• ⁠Being rejected by the family, friends, and the community
 
⁠• ⁠Harassment by intimate partner, family members, police and public
 
⁠• ⁠Discrimination and ill-treatment at health-care system
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5178031/
 
• ⁠Many more studies
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905855/
 
https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/suicidality-transgender-adults/
 
https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Suicidality-Transgender-Sep-2019.pdf
 
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/lgbt.2015.0111
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6798808/
 
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808281/
 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17135115/
 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26866637/
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716648/
 
• ⁠Social/familial support helps: it can decrease the likelihood of a suicide attempt 57% -> 4%
 
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/137/3/e20153223
 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5996383/
 
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2.pdf
 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609516301734
 
• ⁠Chosen name/pronoun use does the same:
 
https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30085-5/fulltext#intraref0010a
 
⁠• ⁠71% drop in severe depression
 
⁠• ⁠34% drop [sic] suicidal ideation
 
⁠• ⁠65% drop in suicide attempts
 
• ⁠These institutions and organizations back these results:
 
⁠• ⁠American Psychological Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Medical Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Psychoanalytic Association
 
⁠• ⁠Humans Rights Campaign
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Pediatrics
 
⁠• ⁠American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians
 
⁠• ⁠Royal College of Psychiatrists
 
⁠• ⁠United Nations
 
⁠• ⁠United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS)
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Dermatology
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Family Physicians
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Nursing
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Pediatrics
 
⁠• ⁠American Academy of Physician Assistants
 
⁠• ⁠American College Health Association
 
⁠• ⁠American College of Nurse-Midwives
 
⁠• ⁠American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
 
⁠• ⁠American College of Physicians
 
⁠• ⁠American Counseling Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Heart Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Medical Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Medical Student Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Nurses Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Osteopathic Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Psychiatric Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Psychological Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Public Health Association
 
⁠• ⁠American Society of Plastic Surgeons
 
⁠• ⁠Endocrine Society
 
⁠• ⁠GLMA
 
⁠• ⁠National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health
 
⁠• ⁠National Association of Social Workers
 
⁠• ⁠National Commission on Correctional Healthcare
 
⁠• ⁠Pediatric Endocrine Society
 
⁠• ⁠Society for Adolescent Help and Medecine
 
⁠• ⁠World Medical Association
 
⁠• ⁠World Professional Association for Transgender Health
 
⁠• ⁠World Health Organization (WHO)
 
⁠• ⁠Stanford Medical
 
⁠• ⁠American Pediatrics Association
 
⁠• ⁠National Institutes of Health
 
⁠• ⁠Canadian Institute of Health Research
 
⁠• ⁠Scientific American

Revision as of 19:18, 22 September 2022

• Medical transition works

• ⁠80% of individuals reported significant improvement in dysphoria

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/

• ⁠78% of individuals reported significant improvement in psychological symptoms

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/

• ⁠72% of individuals reported significant improvement in sexual function

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/

• ⁠Positive results across the board, even in 15-year followups

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19473181/

• ⁠"Wellbeing was similar to or better than same-age young adults from the general population."

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25201798/

• ⁠Quality of life rises dramatically with 'gender-affirming treatment

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6223813/

• ⁠Long-term follow-ups:

https://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-6095(15)32422-X/fulltext

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0453-5

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-009-9551-1

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0300-8

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9031580/

• ⁠"Shown to correlate with improved psychological functioning"

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X1630146X

• ⁠Levels of depression and anxiety which closely matched levels reported by cisgender children

Source: https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567%2816%2931941-4/fulltext

• ⁠Puberty blockers are safe and reversible

• ⁠Hormone blockers are the only treatment used on adolescents and are completely reversible.

Source: https://assets2.hrc.org/files/documents/SupportingCaringforTransChildren.pdf

• ⁠"Does not support an adverse impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cognitive performance"

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453020301402?via%3Dihub

• ⁠"Our results suggest there are no detrimental effects of GNRHA on EF"

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453015000943

• ⁠"Relives [sic] distress for trans adolescents" "Is reversible"

Source: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/102/11/3869/4157558

• ⁠"Poorer psychological well-being before treatment"

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1054139X20300276

• ⁠"Behavioral and emotional problems and depressive symptoms decreased"

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609515336171

• ⁠Hormones blockers are not new: "Since the mid 1990s..." "The Royal College of Psychiatrists, in 1998..."

Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26895269.2020.1747768

• ⁠Many more studies:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073269/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jsm.13034

https://jme.bmj.com/content/34/8/580

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/842073

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29551430/

https://ijpeonline.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1155/2010/398639.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0303720706001766

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/95/1/109/2835177

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1517382/

https://europepmc.org/article/med/24719967

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/trgh.2015.0008

• ⁠Puberty blockers aren't harmful to bone density

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/842073

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469959/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616494/

• ⁠Puberty blockers don't cause osteoporosis or sterility

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/84/12/4583/2864749

• ⁠Transphobia is real

https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eu-lgbt-survey-results-at-a-glance_en.pdf

https://www.totaljobs.com/advice/wp-content/uploads/Transgender-employee-experiences-survey-report-2016_Totaljobs.pdf

• ⁠46% felt discriminated against or harassed within the past year for being trans

• ⁠29% felt discriminated against when it came to looking for employment

• ⁠70% hid being trans during schooling before becoming 18 years old

• ⁠55% had an incident of violence within the past year in part or whole because of them being trans

• ⁠The ~40-50% suicide rate is fake, it's the attempt rate

https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf

• ⁠The suicide rate is undocumented.

• ⁠Discrimination is harmful

• ⁠The attempt rate rises for people who:

⁠• ⁠Lost a job due to bias (55%)

⁠• ⁠Were harassed/bullied in school (51%)

⁠• ⁠Had low household income

⁠• ⁠Were the victim of physical assault (61%)

⁠• ⁠Were the victim of sexual assault (64%)

https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf

• ⁠Other factors include:

⁠• ⁠Gender-based victimization

⁠• ⁠Discrimination

⁠• ⁠Bullying

⁠• ⁠Violence

⁠• ⁠Being rejected by the family, friends, and the community

⁠• ⁠Harassment by intimate partner, family members, police and public

⁠• ⁠Discrimination and ill-treatment at health-care system

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5178031/

• ⁠Many more studies

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905855/

https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/suicidality-transgender-adults/

https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Suicidality-Transgender-Sep-2019.pdf

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/lgbt.2015.0111

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6798808/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808281/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17135115/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26866637/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716648/

• ⁠Social/familial support helps: it can decrease the likelihood of a suicide attempt 57% -> 4%

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/137/3/e20153223

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5996383/

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743609516301734

• ⁠Chosen name/pronoun use does the same:

https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30085-5/fulltext#intraref0010a

⁠• ⁠71% drop in severe depression

⁠• ⁠34% drop [sic] suicidal ideation

⁠• ⁠65% drop in suicide attempts

• ⁠These institutions and organizations back these results:

⁠• ⁠American Psychological Association

⁠• ⁠American Medical Association

⁠• ⁠American Psychoanalytic Association

⁠• ⁠Humans Rights Campaign

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Pediatrics

⁠• ⁠American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians

⁠• ⁠Royal College of Psychiatrists

⁠• ⁠United Nations

⁠• ⁠United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS)

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Dermatology

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Family Physicians

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Nursing

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Pediatrics

⁠• ⁠American Academy of Physician Assistants

⁠• ⁠American College Health Association

⁠• ⁠American College of Nurse-Midwives

⁠• ⁠American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

⁠• ⁠American College of Physicians

⁠• ⁠American Counseling Association

⁠• ⁠American Heart Association

⁠• ⁠American Medical Association

⁠• ⁠American Medical Student Association

⁠• ⁠American Nurses Association

⁠• ⁠American Osteopathic Association

⁠• ⁠American Psychiatric Association

⁠• ⁠American Psychological Association

⁠• ⁠American Public Health Association

⁠• ⁠American Society of Plastic Surgeons

⁠• ⁠Endocrine Society

⁠• ⁠GLMA

⁠• ⁠National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health

⁠• ⁠National Association of Social Workers

⁠• ⁠National Commission on Correctional Healthcare

⁠• ⁠Pediatric Endocrine Society

⁠• ⁠Society for Adolescent Help and Medecine

⁠• ⁠World Medical Association

⁠• ⁠World Professional Association for Transgender Health

⁠• ⁠World Health Organization (WHO)

⁠• ⁠Stanford Medical

⁠• ⁠American Pediatrics Association

⁠• ⁠National Institutes of Health

⁠• ⁠Canadian Institute of Health Research

⁠• ⁠Scientific American