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| SAS Drive is assumed to be used (for now). | | SAS Drive is assumed to be used (for now). |
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| RHEL/CentOS 8, or Fedora 28 and up is assumed to be used in this guide, but tape drivers are part of the mainline Linux kernel and supported by all distros.
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| == HBA (Host Bus Adaptor) == | | == HBA (Host Bus Adaptor) == |
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| Currently using:
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| LSI 9267-8i 6Gb/s PCI-Express 2.0 512MB 8Port SATA/SAS + 8087 SATA Cable Battery
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| RAID-on-Chip Controller: LSISAS2208 Dual-Core RAID on Chip (ROC)
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| Host Bus Type: x8 lane PCI Express® 2.0
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| Cache Memory:512MB 1333MHz DDRIII SDRAM
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| Internal Ports: 8
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| Data Transfer Rates: Up to 6Gb/s per port
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| Devices Supported: Up to 128 SAS and/or SATA devices
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| Internal Connectors: 2 Mini-SAS SFF8087 (side mount)
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| To check to see that a tape drive is accessible, first check that /dev/tape/by-id exists and contains an nst0 device. If so, the Linux kernel already detected your tape drive and no further drivers are necessary. As for software though... | | To check to see that a tape drive is accessible, first check that /dev/tape/by-id exists and contains an nst0 device. If so, the Linux kernel already detected your tape drive and no further drivers are necessary. As for software though... |
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| Also add your normal user to group `tape`.
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| == Backup Software == | | == Backup Software == |
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| === Tar (Simplest) === | | === Tar (Simplest) === |
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| It is good to run tar to test write speed, though using it as a backup method leaves much to be desired, so rely on bareos after.
| | See [[LTO Tape]] |
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| See [[LTO Tape]]. Make sure to always disable hardware compression using mt. | |
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| <pre>
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| # mt -f /dev/nst0 compression 0
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| # mt -f /dev/nst0 defcompression -1
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| </pre>
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| === LTFS (Medium) === | | === LTFS (Medium) === |
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| Build from the upstream IBM source code rather than using vendor source code, which sucks. A handy source rpm is provided. | | Build from the upstream source code rather than using vendor source code, which sucks. A handy source rpm is provided. |
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| https://github.com/LinearTapeFileSystem/ltfs/wiki | | https://github.com/LinearTapeFileSystem/ltfs/wiki |
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| https://github.com/piste2750/rpm-ltfs
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| https://fedoramagazine.org/how-rpm-packages-are-made-the-source-rpm/
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| https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/packaging_and_distributing_software/packaging-software_packaging-and-distributing-software#building-source-rpms
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| All commands should be done as normal unprivileged user: the sudo commands are elevated to root.
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| In RHEL/CentOS 8, install the dependencies:
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| {{bc|sudo dnf install rpm-build rpmdevtools}}
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| First, create the rpmbuild setuptree in your home directory.
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| {{bc|rpmdev-setuptree}}
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| Download [https://github.com/piste2750/rpm-ltfs/blob/master/ltfs.spec this .spec file, and place it into ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/ltfs.spec]. Then run the following src.rpm packaging command.
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| {{bc|rpmbuild -bb ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/ltfs.spec}}
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| Install the dependencies needed to build the source rpm.
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| {{bc|sudo dnf builddep ~/rpmbuild/SRPMS/ltfs-2.4.1.2-10254.src.rpm}}
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| Build an rpm from a .src.rpm file:
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| {{bc|rpmbuild --rebuild ~/rpmbuild/SRPMS/ltfs-2.4.1.2-10254.src.rpm}}
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| Now the rpms can be installed
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| {{bc|
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| cd ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64
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| sudo dnf localinstall ltfs-2.4.1.2-10254.x86_64.rpm ltfs-debuginfo-2.4.1.2-10254.x86_64.rpm ltfs-debugsource-2.4.1.2-10254.x86_64.rpm
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| }}
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| Now the LTO Drive can be used. Skip all the build and install instructions in this post and use that:
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| https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/3qfyhm/how_to_start_using_an_lto6_tape_backup_drive_with/cyxpzo5/
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| === BareOS (Enterprise) === | | === BareOS (Enterprise) === |
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| https://www.bareos.org/en/ | | https://www.bareos.org/en/ |
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| <nowiki> bareos-sd:
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| container_name: bareos-sd
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| image: barcus/bareos-storage
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| devices:
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| - /dev/tape/by-id/scsi-3500e09efff0f9bb6:/dev/tape/by-id/scsi-3500e09efff0f9bb6
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| </nowiki>
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| === plain tar, dd, ect ===
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| Install mt-st package for tape commands mt:
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| $ sudo yum install mt-st
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| $ sudo mt -f /dev/nst0 status
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| $ sudo tapeinfo -f /dev/nst0 # Get information about drive and tape.
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| Creating a junk data file for testing:
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| $ head -c 10G < /dev/urandom > junkfile_10GB.jnk
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| Disabling compression as it will only result in bottlenecks and lower odds of successful file retreival if the tape is damaged.
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| $ sudo mt -f /dev/nst0 compression 0
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| $ sudo mt -f /dev/nst0 defcompression -1
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| Getting status to confirm the drive has compression disabled:
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| $ sudo mt -f /dev/nst0 status
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| $ sudo tapeinfo -f /dev/nst0
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| There should be a line indicating is is not enabled
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| 'DataCompEnabled: no'
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| LTO6: Density code 0x5a
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| Setting the block size to something the drive likes results in very significant speedups. (from 7MB/s to 170MB/s):
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| I determined the value used by going down a power of two from 1024 to 512
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| $ sudo /usr/bin/time --append --output=tape_time10gb.txt tar -c -v -b 512 -f /dev/st0 junkfile_10GB.jnk
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| === Labelling Tapes ===
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| https://tapelabel.de/
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| https://tapelabel.de/lto-sample/lto-sample.html
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| [http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S7000429 IBM LTO Ultrium Cartridge Label Specification]
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| I have been using Avery brand model "J8167" A4 size "Premium inkjet" "White Trueblock" "Mailing Labels" label sheets to reasonable short-term success.
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| Long-term properties are not yet tested.
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| Printing was done in a decent quality multifunction household printer.
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| A metal ruler and craft knife was used to cut out the labels by gently cutting along the lines between the labels.
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| Settings:
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| "Stock label type": "blank"
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